According to Kullander, the following can identify the different species.
Pterophyllum altum has 46-48 scales in a lateral row, and notched predorsal contour.
Pterophyllum leopoldi has 27-29 scales in a lateral row, and straight predorsal contour.
Pterophyllum scalare has 30-39 scales in a lateral row, and notched predorsal contour.
Just in case some are wondering - with so much information online about P. scalare and P. altum already - including from well-known personalities involved in the discussions, why am I too keen on Kullander?
Simply because I am following a basic tenet of science - that is, the last published study in the form of a scientific journal/book, is the most authoritative on the subject - that is unless proven otherwise by a newer study backed up by the same scientific inquiry and accepted by the scientific community (atleast by the majority). The last review of the genus Pterophyllum was done in 1986.
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